To become a U.S. citizen, you must demonstrate a basic ability to read, write, and speak English. Here is exactly what the English requirement involves and how to prepare for it.
Speaking English
There is no separate speaking test. USCIS officers evaluate your spoken English throughout the entire interview. If you can understand questions and communicate your answers clearly, you satisfy the speaking requirement. You do not need perfect English β you need to communicate effectively at a basic level.
Reading English
The officer asks you to read one sentence aloud in English. It comes from the official USCIS reading vocabulary list. You have up to three attempts. If you cannot read the first sentence, the officer gives you a different one. Sentences are intentionally simple β short statements about American civics using common vocabulary words.
Writing English
The officer dictates one sentence and you write it by hand. You have three attempts. Your handwriting does not need to be perfect, but it must be legible. Minor spelling variations may be acceptable. Sentences come from the official USCIS writing vocabulary list.
Who Is Exempt?
The 50/20 exception: if you are 50 or older with 20 or more years as a permanent resident, you may take the civics test in your native language and are exempt from the English test. The 55/15 exception: if you are 55 or older with 15 or more years as a permanent resident, the same exemptions apply. Bring a qualified interpreter (not your attorney or close family member) to your interview if you qualify.
How to Prepare
Study the official USCIS reading and writing vocabulary lists. Practice reading each sentence aloud and writing sentences from dictation daily. Use our free English practice tool at USCitizenship101 for instant feedback on both reading and writing exercises drawn from the official vocabulary list.